Tuesday, April 26, 2011

字尾-初級篇

字根-高級篇

字根-中級篇

字根-初級篇

Duc, Duct

意思:領導

舉例
Reduce
=Re + duce = back + lead = 往回 + 領導 --> 減低,縮小

Abduct
=Ab + duct = away + lead = 離開 + 領導 --> 挾持
這裡就需要加入一些自己的想像 和理解。離開 + 領導就是被領導去了別的地方,還可自己添加上“被迫地”以便記憶。所以被迫地被領導到別的地方,就是挾持.

Deduce
=De + duce = down + lead = 往下 + 領導 --> 推論
從一個現象,不斷的往下 挖掘, 不斷地深入, 從而就有了推論的意思.

延展
Introduce Induce Producer Duct Aqueduct
Conductor Deductible Seduction Viaduct Conduit


Tract

意思:拉,引

舉例
Attract
=At + tract = to + pull = 去 + 拉 --> 吸引。

Distract
=Dis + tract = away + pull = 分開 + 拉 --> 分心
心被從原本的地方拉走了,就是分心了

Extract
=Ex + tract = out + pull = 往外+ 拉 --> 節錄,抽取
從一篇文章中節錄一小段,就等於把那一段從一篇文章中,往外拉了出來。

延展
Traction Tractor Contract Detract Retract
Subtract Protracted Intractable

Loc

意思:地方

舉例
Allocation
=Al + loc + ation= to + place + suffix for noun = 去 + 地方--> 分配。
把東西放去它們應在的地方,就是把東西分配到相應的地方。

Dislocate
=Dis + loc + ate= away + place + suffix for verb = 分開 + 地方--> 脫臼,偏離,錯亂。
把東西分開放,就使它偏離的原來的位置。如果那個東西是關節的話,就會引起脫臼。

Relocate
=Re + loc + ate= again + place + suffix for verb = 再一次+ 地方--> 遷移,改至其他地點。
把東西再放一次,是因為改變主意的,要把它遷移到其他的地方。

延展
Location Locale Loc
ate Locus
Collocate Translocatem
Locomotive

字首-中級篇

字首-初級篇

Dis

意思:不,分開

舉例
Distract
=Dis + tract = away + pull = 分開 + 拉 --> 分心
心被從原本的地方拉走了,就是分心了

Dissect
=Dis + sect = away + cut = 分開 + 割 --> 解剖
把東西割開,就可以聯想到解剖。

Different
=Dif + fid + ent = not + faith + suffix for adjective = 不 + 相信 + 形容詞字尾 --> 缺乏自信的
不相信做形容詞就可聯想到缺乏自信的
*dif 是 dis 的變形,如果dis後接的是f, s 就變形為f 以便發音。

延展
Discover Dismiss Disable Disagree Discover
Dishonest Disinfectant Disinterested Dissonance


In

意思:不

舉例
Indirect
=In + di + rect = Not + away + right = 不+ 分開 + 直接 --> 不直接的
記憶時,可以把順序顛倒,Not away right 變成 Not right away, 接可以輕鬆地記住“不直接的”

Immemorial
=In+ memor + ial = Not + remember + suffix for adjective = 不+ 記住 + 形容詞字尾 --> 久遠的
為什麼一樣東西記不住呢?因為它已經年代久遠了
*Im 是 In 的變形。當 In 後接 雙唇音 m, b, p 時,n 就變形為m, b 或 p 以便發音。

Irrepressible
=In + re + press + ible= not + back + press + suffix for adjective = 不 + 往回 + 壓+ 形容詞字尾 --> 壓抑不了的
當情感壓不回去的時候,那就是壓抑不了的感情
*Ir 是 in 的變形,如果in後接的是r, n 就變形為r 以便發音。

延展
Insane Infinite Independent Intolerable Inefficient
Insatiable Intrepid Inexpensive Intangible


Re

意思:後,向後,再

舉例
Return
=Re + turn = back + turn = 後 + 轉--> 返回

React
=Re + act = again + act = 再 + 行動--> 反應
不是馬上行動,而是等事情發生了再行動,所以是在已發生的事情上做出反應

Recognize
=Re + cogn + ize = again + know + suffix for verb = 再 + 认知--> 認出
吧對象想成是個人,不是第一次見面,而是下一次再見面的時候,你還能認的出那個人。

延展
Recover Reaffirm Rebirth Recommit Recur
Reframe Refresh Rehabilitation Recommitment

Pre

意思:前

舉例
Prevent
=Pre + vent= before + come = 前 + 來 --> 防止
在一件事要到來之前,你可以做的事 -- 防止它發生

Presentiment
=Pre + sent + imeng = before + feel +
suffix for noun = 前 + 感覺 + 名詞字尾 --> 預感
在事情發生之前就已經感覺到了

Unprecedented
= Un + pre + ced + ented = Not + before + go + suffix for adjective = 沒有 + 前 + 去/行進 + 形容詞字尾 --> 史無前例的
在這之前,人還沒去過的地方,事情還沒發展到的程度,抽象來講,就是在這之前還沒有發生過的事 --史無前例的事

延展
Preface Prepare Prepaid Preschool Preclude
Prescience Preoccupy Predict


字首字根簡介

大部分的英文字(70%)是可以"拆"開來的分析的:把單字拆開成字首,字根,字尾的部分以後,藉由對字首字根的了解,加強對每個單字的記憶.

First, let's look at several examples to understand how etymology works.

Prefix --> Meaning
pro -->forward
re -->back
trans -->across

Root -->Meaning
gress --> step

After understanding the meanings of prefixes (pro, re, trans) and the root (gress), we put them together to guess the meaning of the words.

Words / Etymology meanings / Meaning of the word (Answers.com)
Regress = step back = To go back, to move backward
Transgress = step across = To go beyond or over. Exceed or overstep

Readily, we can see the strong bonds between etymology meanings and meanings of the words. Is this an accident? The answer is an emphatic NO. Etymology is designed this way. The reason "progress" is comprised of "pro" and "gress" is because it has the meaning of prefix of "pro" and meaning of root "gress". There is no accident!

From the analysis above, the word "progress" for you is not a word anymore. It's "pro" + "gress". Since you know what's the meaning of "pro" and "gress" respectively, you can deduce/guess the meaning of "progress" even though you haven't seen that this words before!


Dr. Tsai Q&A

Q1: 每個單字都可以分成字首,字根,字尾三部分嗎?
A1: 當然不是! 有些字可能只有字首+字根,有些字可能只有一個字首或字尾.也有些字完全不能分解,只能硬背. 曾經有個天兵學生把Banana分成 Ba+na+na,來問我說Ba是不是"香"的意思.